Describe early reform movements of the Tanzimat Era (Lainey)
Causes
- The Ottomans were upset about capitulations which gave the western power to levy own taxes and had jurisdiction over Ottoman citizens and laws
- This sparked the efforts for the reform and was inspired by the Enlightenment, Constitutionalism in the western states and the French Legal code
Establishments
- Commercial Code
- Penal code (1858)
- Maritime code (1863)
- Civil code (1870-76)
- Individual rights - public trials, privacy, equality before the law
Educational Reform
- free and mandatory primary schools
- secondary schools
- universities
Oppositions
- Young Ottomans
- religious conservative
- promoted individual freedom, local autonomy, political decentralization
- government wanted to check the Sultans power and start a constitution